00 - Refresh Knowledge - Theory and models - IES
00 - Refresh Knowledge - Theory and models - IES
Introduction
Technology
From greek: "the science of craft"
The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities
Innovation
An Innovation is the implementation of a new or signficantly improved product, or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations.
Technology vs innovation
Creative Destruction
Creative destruction is the process of industrial mutation that continuously revolutionizes the economic structure from within, contunuously destroying the old one, continuously creating a new one
Try to find new markets, new industries...
There seems to be some sort of correlation between innovation and economic growth.
Is technology driving new needs, or are new needs promoting the development of technology?
It's probably a never ending cycle.
Dynamics of Innovation
Designs of products tend all to the same standard.
Where the 2 lines cross, is were desing become standard.
The QWERTY keyboard layout is the same as that of typewriters.
Moving from one S curve to an other, corresponds usually to a change in leadrship in industry (see Apple after Nokia),
Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower
Diffusion of Innovation
There is a lot of resistance to take on new technologies.
Factors explaining adoption rate:
- Relative advantage
- Compatibility
- Simplicity
- Trialability
- Observability
Disruptive Innovation
- Digital photography
- Computers
- News vs Newspapers
- Low-cost airlines
Old players now struggle or are completely out of business
Categorization of innovations
By origin/type
- Product
- Process
- Market
- Organization
By impact
- Sustaining
- Incremental
- Radical (or breakthrough)
- Transformational (or disruptive)
A wider perspective
- [[#Dynamics of Innovation]]
- [[#Diffusion of Innovation]]
- [[#Disruptive Innovation]]
We need to look beyond a single market or perspective.
Technologies come in wave.
Tools: